Vias play a crucial role in high-speed signal transmission, but if not designed properly, they can introduce impedance mismatches, signal skew, and attenuation. Think of it like water flowing through pipes of varying sizes—disruptions in via geometry can cause irregular signal flow.
Longer via stubs add unwanted resistance and capacitance, leading to signal degradation, while closely spaced vias can generate electromagnetic interference, causing crosstalk. Poor via placement can also disrupt return paths, resulting in ground bounce and power noise.
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